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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: IPv6 | 8-12% | - Autoconfiguration - Address types and format - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Static and dynamic routing |
| Topic 2: Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - Configuration and monitoring - PDUs and TLVs - Adjacencies and levels - Metrics and wide metrics |
| Topic 3: Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Martian addresses - Filter-based forwarding - Static, aggregate, and generated routes - Load balancing - Routing instances and RIB groups |
| Topic 4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Policy and route filtering - Configuration and troubleshooting - IBGP and EBGP - Basic operation and message types - Path selection and attributes |
| Topic 5: Tunnels | 5-8% | - GRE and IP-IP tunnels - Tunnel configuration and usage |
| Topic 6: Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Configuration and convergence - BPDU and protection features - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - Port roles and states |
| Topic 7: High Availability | 5-8% | - Graceful restart - Nonstop active routing - NSR and GRES concepts |
| Topic 8: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Areas and router types - Configuration and troubleshooting - LSA types and operation - Link-state database |
| Topic 9: Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - VLANs and trunking - Bridging concepts - Service provider switching features |
| Topic 10: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Configuration and monitoring - Terminology and forwarding - LDP and RSVP - Segment routing basics - Labels and LIB |
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NEW QUESTION # 15
Referring to the exhibit, what will happen to untagged frames?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the exhibit, the interface is configured with the native-vlan-id 20 parameter. This means that any untagged frames arriving on this interface will be associated with VLAN 20. The native VLAN serves as the default VLAN for untagged frames on a trunk port.
NEW QUESTION # 16
By default, which MPLS operation is performed by the penultimate router in an LSP on the transport label?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) environment, label operations are categorized into three primary actions:Push(adding a label),Swap(replacing a label), andPop(removing a label). The specific behavior described in the question refers to a mechanism calledPenultimate Hop Popping (PHP).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, the goal of PHP is to improve forwarding efficiency at the egress point of a Label-Switched Path (LSP). TheEgress Label Edge Router (LER), which is the final destination for the LSP, would normally have to perform two lookups if it received a labeled packet: first, it would look up the label in its MPLS table to see it is the destination, and second, it would look up the underlying IP payload in its IP routing table (inet.0) to forward the packet.
To alleviate this burden, the Egress LER signals a special label value calledImplicit Null (Label 3)to its upstream neighbor (the penultimate router) during the signaling process (RSVP or LDP). When the penultimate routerreceives a packet destined for that egress LER, it sees the instruction to pop the transport label. Consequently, the penultimate router performs aPopoperation, stripping away the outer MPLS label and sending the raw IP packet (or the remaining inner service label) to the Egress LER.
This allows the Egress LER to perform only a single lookup. If the transport label was the only label, the Egress LER simply performs a standard IP lookup. If there is a VPN label remaining, it performs a single MPLS lookup for the VRF. This "default" behavior in Junos OS optimizes the performance of the egress router by offloading the final label removal to the penultimate hop. Note that ifUltimate Hop Popping (UHP) were configured (via the explicit-null command), the penultimate router would perform aSwapto Label 0 instead of a Pop.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which two events cause a static route to be removed from a routing table? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
If the outbound interface associated with a static route becomes unavailable, the router removes the route from the routing table because the next-hop path is no longer reachable.
A static route is also removed when it is manually deleted from the configuration, after which the router withdraws it from the routing table.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Click the Exhibit button.
All devices in the network are configured correctly and the path requirements are valid.
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 19
In OSPF, which three fields must match between neighbors before forming an adjacency? (Choose three.)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
For OSPF routers to transition from the "Init" state to a full adjacency, they must agree on several parameters exchanged within theirHello packets. If these parameters do not match, the routers will refuse to form a neighbor relationship, a common point of failure in service provider networks.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, the following fields are mandatory matches:
* Hello Interval (Option B):The frequency at which Hello packets are sent. Default is 10 seconds on broadcast networks.
* Dead Interval (Option D):The time a router waits without receiving a Hello before declaring a neighbor down. Default is 4 times the Hello interval.
* Network Mask (Option C):On broadcast and NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access) segments, the subnet masks must match because OSPF uses the mask to determine the network boundaries for the link-state advertisements.
* Area ID:Routers must belong to the same logical OSPF area.
* Authentication:If configured, the type and password/key must be identical.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Router Priority (Option A):This is used to influence the election of the Designated Router (DR). It doesnotneed to match; in fact, different priorities are often used to ensure a specific router becomes the DR.
* Designated Router (Option E):The DR is theresultof an election that happens after the initial Hello exchange. It is not a field that must match beforehand to start the process.
By ensuring the Hello/Dead timers and the Subnet Mask are synchronized, OSPF guarantees a stable and predictable environment for the subsequent exchange of Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
NEW QUESTION # 20
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