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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Implementing observability and troubleshooting | 20% | - Build monitoring and logging systems
|
| Optimizing performance and cost | 17% | - Balance cost, performance, and reliability
|
| Applying site reliability engineering practices | 18% | - Manage incidents and outages
|
| Bootstrapping and maintaining a Google Cloud organization | 20% | - Set up governance and compliance
|
| Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines | 25% | - Design CI/CD pipelines
|
>> Professional-Cloud-DevOps-Engineer퍼펙트 공부 <<
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질문 # 149
You encounter a large number of outages in the production systems you support. You receive alerts for all the outages that wake you up at night. The alerts are due to unhealthy systems that are automatically restarted within a minute. You want to set up a process that would prevent staff burnout while following Site Reliability Engineering practices. What should you do?
정답：A
설명：
Eliminate bad monitoring : Unactionable alerts (i.e., spam) https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/meeting-reliability-challenges-with-sre-principles agree with kyubiblaze about having to remove unactionable items aka spam: "good monitoring alerts on actionable problems" @ https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/meeting-reliability-challenges-with-sre-principles
질문 # 150
You are running a web application that connects to an AlloyDB cluster by using a private IP address in your default VPC. You need to run a database schema migration in your CI/CD pipeline by using Cloud Build before deploying a new version of your application. You want to follow Google-recommended security practices. What should you do?
정답：A
설명：
To securely connect Cloud Build to an AlloyDB cluster using a private IP address and adhere to Google- recommended security practices, you need to address two main aspects:
Network Connectivity:Ensuring Cloud Build can reach the private IP of the AlloyDB cluster.
Authentication/Credential Management:Securely authenticating Cloud Build to the AlloyDB cluster.
Let's break down why Option B is the most suitable:
Cloud Build Private Pool:AlloyDB is accessed via a private IP in your VPC. Cloud Build's default build environment runs on Google-managed infrastructure outside your VPC and cannot directly access private IP addresses. To enable this, you must use aCloud Build private pool. A private pool can be configured with VPC peering to your default VPC, allowing build steps running within that pool to access resources like your AlloyDB cluster via their private IPs. Option B correctly includes "execute the schema migration script in a private pool." Service Account with Permissions (IAM Database Authentication):AlloyDB supports IAM database authentication. This is a Google-recommended security practice because it allows you to manage database access using Google Cloud's Identity and Access Management (IAM) rather than relying on traditional database passwords.
You would create a dedicated service account for Cloud Build (or use the private pool's service account).
This service account would be granted the necessary IAM roles to connect to the AlloyDB instance (e.g., roles
/alloydb.client) and a database-level IAM role for login (e.g., roles/alloydb.user or roles/alloydb.admin depending on the permissions needed for schema migration).
Cloud Build would then be configured to use this service account. The "permission to access the database" in Option B refers to these IAM permissions. This method avoids managing and distributing database passwords.
Analyzing the options:
A: Set up a Cloud Build private pool to access the database through a static external IP address...
While using a private pool is correct for network access, routing this through a staticexternalIP for a resource that has aprivateIP is generally not the first-choice secure pattern if direct private access is feasible. It adds complexity and a potential external exposure point, even if firewalled. The aim is to keep traffic within the private network as much as possible.
B: Create a service account that has permission to access the database. Configure Cloud Build to use this service account and execute the schema migration script in a private pool.
This option correctly combines the use of aprivate pool(for private IP network access) with aservice account having permissions(strongly implying IAM database authentication for AlloyDB, which is a best practice).
This is a secure and robust approach.
C: Add the database username and encrypted password to the application configuration file...
Storing credentials, even if "encrypted" (the method and key management for encryption are unspecified and problematic), in application configuration files checked into source control or packaged with the application is a significant security risk and not a recommended practice.
D: Add the database username and password to Secret Manager. When running the schema migration script, retrieve the username and password from Secret Manager.
UsingSecret Managerto store database usernames and passwords is a Google-recommended practiceifyou are using password-based authentication. However, this optionalonedoes not solve the network connectivity issue for Cloud Build to reach the private IP of AlloyDB. You would still need a private pool. While D is good for secret management, B offers a more comprehensive solution that includes both the network aspect and implies a more modern authentication method (IAM database auth). If the question forced a choice between only doing secure credential storage (D) or doing IAM auth + private networking (B), B is more complete for the overall task.
Conclusion:Option B is the most aligned with Google-recommended security practices as it addresses both the necessary private network connectivity via a Cloud Build private pool and promotes the use of IAM-based database authentication for AlloyDB, which is generally preferred over managing passwords.
References (General Concepts):
Cloud Build Private Pools for VPC Access:Google Cloud documentation for Cloud Build explicitly details using private pools to connect to resources in a VPC network.
See:https://www.google.com/search?q=https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/private-pools/accessing-private- resources-with-private-pools AlloyDB IAM Database Authentication:Google Cloud documentation for AlloyDB highlights IAM database authentication as a secure method.
See:https://www.google.com/search?q=https://cloud.google.com/alloydb/docs/iam-authentication Secret Manager:If password authentication were the only option, Secret Manager would be the recommended way to store those credentials.
See:https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager
Option B synergizes the benefits of private networking and modern IAM-based authentication for a comprehensive secure solution.
질문 # 151
You are responsible for the reliability of a custom-built, distributed file storage service that your company uses internally. This service handles thousands of file uploads and downloads daily. You need to define a service level indicator (SLI) to measure the reliability of your service usage and configure alerts to be notified of potential issues. Which SLI should you use to measure the reliability of the service?
정답：C
설명：
SLIs are quantitative measures of service behavior. For reliability, success rate (successful vs. total requests) is the most fundamental metric.
"The most common SLIs are request success rate, availability, and latency."
- Google SRE Workbook: Implementing SLIs
"Availability SLIs often look like 'the fraction of requests that succeed.'"
- Google SRE Book
Option C directly maps to this definition and is the most accurate and measurable indicator of overall reliability.
질문 # 152
Your CTO has asked you to implement a postmortem policy on every incident for internal use. You want to define what a good postmortem is to ensure that the policy is successful at your company. What should you do?
Choose 2 answers
정답：B,E
설명：
The correct answers are B and E.
A good postmortem should include what caused the incident, how the incident could have been worse, and how to prevent a future occurrence of the incident1. This helps to identify the root cause of the problem, the impact of the incident, and the actions to take to mitigate or eliminate the risk of recurrence.
A good postmortem should also include all incident participants in postmortem authoring and share postmortems as widely as possible2. This helps to foster a culture of learning and collaboration, as well as to increase the visibility and accountability of the incident response process.
Answer A is incorrect because it assigns blame to a person or team, which goes against the principle of blameless postmortems2. Blameless postmortems focus on finding solutions rather than pointing fingers, and encourage honest and constructive feedback without fear of punishment.
Answer C is incorrect because it omits how the incident could have been worse, which is an important factor to consider when evaluating the severity and impact of the incident1. It also avoids naming internal system components, which makes it harder to understand the technical details and root cause of the problem.
Answer D is incorrect because it omits how to prevent a future occurrence of the incident, which is the main goal of a postmortem1. It also avoids naming customer information, which may be relevant for understanding the impact and scope of the incident.
질문 # 153
Your company processes IOT data at scale by using Pub/Sub, App Engine standard environment, and an application written in GO. You noticed that the performance inconsistently degrades at peak load. You could not reproduce this issue on your workstation. You need to continuously monitor the application in production to identify slow paths in the code. You want to minimize performance impact and management overhead.
What should you do?
정답：D
설명：
The correct answer is C. Configure Cloud Profiler, and initialize the cloud.google.com/go/profiler library in the application.
According to the Google Cloud documentation, Cloud Profiler is a statistical, low-overhead profiler that continuously gathers CPU usage and memory-allocation information from your production applications1.
Cloud Profiler can help you identify slow paths in your code and optimize the performance of your applications. Cloud Profiler supports applications written in Go that run on App Engine standard environment2. To use Cloud Profiler, you need to configure it in your Google Cloud project and initialize the cloud.google.com/go/profiler library in your application code3. You can then use the Cloud Profiler interface to analyze the profiling data and visualize the results by using flame graphs4. Cloud Profiler has minimal performance impact and management overhead, as it only samples a small fraction of the application activity and does not require any additional infrastructure or agents.
The other options are incorrect because they do not meet the requirements of minimizing performance impact and management overhead. Option A is incorrect because it requires installing a continuous profiling tool into Compute Engine, which is an additional infrastructure that needs to be managed and maintained. Option B is incorrect because it requires periodically running the go tool pprof command against the application instance, which is a manual and disruptive process that can affect the application performance. Option D is incorrect because it only uses Cloud Monitoring to assess the App Engine CPU utilization metric, which is not enough to identify slow paths in the code or optimize the application performance.
Reference:
Cloud Profiler documentation, Overview. Profiling Go applications, Supported environments. Profiling Go applications, Using Cloud Profiler. Analyzing data, Analyzing data.
질문 # 154
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