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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Test Automation Reporting and Metrics | - Visualizing results for different audiences (technical vs. management) - Proving value to stakeholders - Selecting appropriate metrics (e.g., percent automated, defect detection rate) - Logging: detailed logs for debugging vs. high-level summaries |
| Introduction and Objectives for Test Automation | - Benefits and limitations of test automation - How SUT (System Under Test) architecture impacts test tool suitability - Test automation within different software development lifecycle models |
| Preparing for Test Automation | - Evaluating automation tools and technologies - Tool Selection and evaluation for specific technology stacks - Design for Testability - SUT Testability (Observability and Controllability) |
| The Generic Test Automation Architecture (gTAA) | - Layering of test automation frameworks (Test Generation, Test Definition, Test Execution, Test Adaptation layers) - Approaches for automating test cases - Designing a test automation solution - Capabilities in a test automation architecture - Tailoring gTAA to create a specific Test Automation Architecture (TAA) - Design principles and design patterns in test automation (Abstraction, Modularity, Separation of data from scripts) |
| Implementation of Test Automation | - Test environment configuration (URLs, Credentials, Test data, Common core library) - SUT-specific adaptors - Configuration management in test automation - Test data management - Test automation solution (TAS) implementation - Integration of test automation with CI/CD pipelines |
| Verifying the Test Automation Solution (TAS) | - Checking the test environment setup - Automated test suite verification - Verifying that the automation code itself is correct |
| Continuous Improvement | - Analyzing and adapting the test automation strategy over time - Maintaining automated testing assets - Refactoring test code - Upgrading tools and libraries - Streamlining test suites (removing obsolete tests) |
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NEW QUESTION # 24
You are working on a TAS forstandaloneapplication. The automated tests are developed based on a automation framework that allows interaction with GUI elements using on object orientated API. The GUI elements includemenus, buttons, radio buttons, text toolbars and their properties.
Whilst automating a test, you have discovered that the GUI elements of some third party components are not identifiable by the automated tool you are using.
Which of the following is the FIRST step that you take to investigate this issue?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 25
Consider choosing an approach for the automated implementation of manual regression test suites written at the UI level for some already developed web apps. The TAS is based on a programming language that allows the creation of test libraries and provides a capture/playback feature that allows recognition and interaction with all widgets in the web UIs being tested. The automated tests will be implemented by team members with strong programming skills. The chosen approach should aim to reduce both the effort required to maintain automated tests and the effort required to add new automated tests. Which of the following approaches would you choose?
Answer: B
Explanation:
TAE guidance links maintainability and scalability to reducing duplication and encapsulating common actions behind reusable abstractions. For UI regression suites on existing web apps, capture/playback and linear scripting often produce brittle, duplicated sequences tightly coupled to UI details. They may be quick initially, but maintenance cost grows rapidly when locators, flows, or timing change. With a programming language that supports libraries-and a team with strong programming skills-TAE recommends structured scripting (often including modularization, reuse through functions/classes, and design patterns such as Page Object or similar abstractions). Structured scripting reduces maintenance by centralizing UI interaction logic (e.g., element locators and common workflows) so changes are made in one place. It also reduces effort to add new tests because test authors can compose new scenarios from existing reusable building blocks rather than duplicating low-level steps. TDD is a development practice and is not the primary approach for converting existing manual UI regression suites into automation; it does not directly describe how the UI tests should be structured. Capture/playback remains useful as a helper (e.g., for quickly discovering locators) but is not the best overall approach for long-term maintainability. Therefore, structured scripting best matches the stated goals.
NEW QUESTION # 26
An automated test case that should always pass sometimes passes and sometimes fails intermittently (non- deterministic behavior) when executed in the same test environment, even if no code (i.e., SUT code or the test automation code) has been changed. Which of the following statements about the root cause of this non- deterministic behavior is TRUE?
Answer: C
Explanation:
TAE treats non-deterministic (flaky) test behavior as a symptom that can originate from multiple sources:
timing and synchronization issues, race conditions, concurrency, environmental variability (resource contention, network latency), unstable test data, third-party dependencies, or hidden state leakage between tests. Because these causes often span boundaries-application code, infrastructure, deployment configuration, test tooling, and data pipelines-finding the true root cause frequently requires collaboration beyond the TAE role. Developers may need to inspect application logs, thread behavior, and recent architectural assumptions; system engineers may need to analyze resource saturation, container orchestration events, network anomalies, or environment drift. Option A is too specific and assertive: the root cause is not necessarily a race condition, and logs may not be sufficient to identify it. Option C is incorrect because no code change does not imply the environment is the only cause; flaky behavior can stem from hidden nondeterminism in the system or tests that is always present but only sometimes triggers. Option D is also incorrect; intermittent failures are often harder to diagnose than consistent deterministic failures because evidence is less reproducible. Therefore, the true statement is that determining the root cause may require support from developers and system engineers in addition to the TAE.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Automated tests at the UI level for a web app adopt an asynchronous waiting mechanism that allows them to synchronize test steps with the app, so that they are executed correctly and at the right time, only when the app is ready and has processed the previous step: this is done when there are no timeouts or pending asynchronous requests. In this way, the tests automatically synchronize with the app's web pages. The same initialization tasks to set test preconditions are implemented as test steps for all tests. Regarding the pre- processing (Setup) features defined at the test suite level, the TAS provides both a Suite Setup (which runs exactly once when the suite starts) and a Test Setup (which runs at the start of each test case in the suite).
Which of the following recommendations would you provide for improving the TAS (assuming it is possible to perform all of them)?
Answer: C
Explanation:
TAE strongly discourages replacing robust, app-aware synchronization with manual waits. Automatic synchronization based on application readiness signals (e.g., no pending async requests) reduces flakiness and unnecessary delays. Hard-coded waits (A) are brittle and slow; polling waits (C) can be better than fixed sleeps but are still generally inferior to event/readiness-based synchronization already in place. The improvement opportunity described is that the same initialization steps are repeated in every test as explicit test steps, which increases test script length, duplication, and maintenance effort. TAE recommends centralizing common setup logic using framework setup/teardown mechanisms to enforce consistency and reduce duplication. Since the initialization tasks are needed to set preconditions for each test (so each test starts from a known state and remains independent), they belong in the Test Setup, which runs before each test case. Putting them in Suite Setup (D) would run them only once, risking that later tests inherit polluted state, making tests interdependent and more brittle. Therefore, moving shared per-test initialization tasks into the Test Setup is the best recommendation.
NEW QUESTION # 28
You are executing the first test run of a test automation suite of 200 tests. All the relevant information related to the state of the SUT and to the automated test execution is stored in a small database. During the Automated test run you observe that the first 10 test pass, while an abnormal termination occurs when executing the 11thtest. This test does not complete its execution and the overall execution of the suite is aborted. An immediate analysis of the abnormal termination is expected to be time consuming and you have been asked to produce a detailed report of the execution results for the first test run, as soon as possible.
What is the MOST important FIRST step to be taken immediately after the abnormal occurred when executing the 11thtest?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 29
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