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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas - SecurityContexts - ServiceAccounts - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) |
| Topic 2: Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications - Understand API deprecation policies - Debugging in Kubernetes - Utilize container logs - Implement probes and health checks |
| Topic 3: Application Design and Build | 20% | - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) - Define, build and modify container images - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) |
| Topic 4: Application Deployment | 20% | - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates - Kustomize - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) |
| Topic 5: Services and Networking | 20% | - Use Ingress rules to expose applications - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services |
>> Linux Foundation CKAD復習資料 <<
我々はCKAD試験に失敗したら全額で返金するという承諾をしています。お客様は我々の商品を利用したら、試験の出題率は100%とはいきませんが、85%程度は出題されました、もし不幸であなたはCKAD試験に失敗したら、あなたは失敗した成績書のスキャンを我々のメールアドレスに送って、我々は失敗の原因を問わず、あなたの支払ったCKAD問題集の金額を全額であなたに戻り返してあなたの経済損失を減少します。
質問 # 98
You have a Kustomization file that defines a Deployment with two replicas. You want to configure the deployment to use a different image tag based on the environment it is deployed to- For example, in the 'dev' environment, the image tag should be 'example/nginx:dev' , while in the 'prod' environment, it should be 'example:nginx:prod'. Describe how to achieve this using Kustomize.
正解：
解説：
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a base Kustomization file:
resources :
- deployment. yaml
2. Create a deployment-yaml file:
3. Create environment-specific overlays: - For dev environment
- For prod environment:
4. Create a patch.yaml file:
5. Apply Kustomize: - For dev environment: bash Kustomize dev I oubect1 apply -f - - For prod environment: bash Kustomize prod I oubect1 apply -f - - The base customization file defines the resources that are included in the deployment. - The environment-specific overlays patch the base resources With the appropriate image tag. - The patchesStrategicMerge' field applies the patch.yaml tile to the deployment. - The '{{.environment}Y placeholder in the patch file is replaced with the actual environment name when Kustomize is applied. This approach allows you to easily manage and deploy your applications to different environments with specific configuration settings.
質問 # 99 
Context
A project that you are working on has a requirement for persistent data to be available.
Task
To facilitate this, perform the following tasks:
* Create a file on node sk8s-node-0 at /opt/KDSP00101/data/index.html with the content Acct=Finance
* Create a PersistentVolume named task-pv-volume using hostPath and allocate 1Gi to it, specifying that the volume is at /opt/KDSP00101/data on the cluster's node. The configuration should specify the access mode of ReadWriteOnce . It should define the StorageClass name exam for the PersistentVolume , which will be used to bind PersistentVolumeClaim requests to this PersistenetVolume.
* Create a PefsissentVolumeClaim named task-pv-claim that requests a volume of at least 100Mi and specifies an access mode of ReadWriteOnce
* Create a pod that uses the PersistentVolmeClaim as a volume with a label app: my-storage-app mounting the resulting volume to a mountPath /usr/share/nginx/html inside the pod
正解：
解説：
See the solution below.
Explanation:
Solution:
質問 # 100
You have a Deployment named 'wordpress-deployment' that runs 3 replicas of a WordPress container. You want to implement a blue- green deployment strategy for this deployment This strategy should involve creating a new replica set with the updated image, and then gradually shitting traffic to the new replica set. After the traffic has been shifted, the old replica set should be deleted. This process should be fully automated whenever a new image is pushed to the Docker Hub repository 'example/wordpress:latest'
正解：
解説：
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Kubernetes Secret for Docker Hub Credentials:
- You'll need a Secret to securely store your Docker Hub credentials for pulling images. Create a Secret with the following YAML:
- Replace with the base64 encoded content of your Docker Hub credentials file. This file is typically named '~/.docker/config.json' and contains your Docker Hub username and password. You can create this file or update it manually. To encode the file, use a command like 'base64 ~/.docker/config .jsons 2. Create a ConfigMap for Deployment Configuratiom - Create a ConfigMap to hold the image name and any other deployment-specific configuration:
3. Define a Deployment with a Blue-Green Strategy: - Create a Deployment named swordpress-deployment that incorporates the blue-green deployment strategy. This Deployment will have a 'strategy' section with a 'type' of 'Recreate' (for initial deployment) and a 'blueGreenDeploymentStrategy' section: 4. Create a Service.
- Create a Kubernetes Service that exposes your WordPress application. This service will automatically route traffic to the active replica set.
5. Automate the Blue-Green Deployment - Use a 'DeploymentConfig' resource to configure the automatic deployment
6. Apply the resources: - Apply all the YAML files using 'kubectl apply -f' to create the necessary resources. 7. Trigger the Blue-Green Deployment - Push a new image to the Docker Hub repository 'example/wordpress:latest' The 'Deploymentconfig' will automatically trigger the blue-green deployment: -A new replica set with the updated image will be created, and traffic will be shifted to the new replica set gradually - Once the traffic has been shifted, the old replica set will be deleted. Note: This implementation assumes that you are using OpenShift. If you are using a different Kubernetes distribution, the configuration may need to be adjusted SligntlY. ,
質問 # 101
Refer to Exhibit.
Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Context
A pod is running on the cluster but it is not responding.
Task
The desired behavior is to have Kubemetes restart the pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint. The service, probe-pod, should never send traffic to the pod while it is failing. Please complete the following:
* The application has an endpoint, /started, that will indicate if it can accept traffic by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the application has not yet finished initialization.
* The application has another endpoint /healthz that will indicate if the application is still working as expected by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500 the application is no longer responsive.
* Configure the probe-pod pod provided to use these endpoints
* The probes should use port 8080
正解：
解説：
Solution:
To have Kubernetes automatically restart a pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint, you will need to configure liveness and readiness probes on the pod.
First, you will need to create a livenessProbe and a readinessProbe in the pod's definition yaml file. The livenessProbe will check the /healthz endpoint, and if it returns an HTTP 500, the pod will be restarted. The readinessProbe will check the /started endpoint, and if it returns an HTTP 500, the pod will not receive traffic.
Here's an example of how you can configure the liveness and readiness probes in the pod definition yaml file:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: probe-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: probe-pod
image: <image-name>
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
failureThreshold: 3
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /started
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
failureThreshold: 3
The httpGet specifies the endpoint to check and the port to use. The initialDelaySeconds is the amount of time the pod will wait before starting the probe. periodSeconds is the amount of time between each probe check, and the failureThreshold is the number of failed probes before the pod is considered unresponsive.
You can use kubectl to create the pod by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
Once the pod is created, Kubernetes will start monitoring it using the configured liveness and readiness probes. If the /healthz endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the pod will be restarted. If the /started endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the pod will not receive traffic.
Please note that if the failure threshold is set to 3, it means that if the probe fails 3 times consecutively it will be considered as a failure.
The above configuration assumes that the application is running on port 8080 and the endpoints are available on the same port.
質問 # 102
You have a Deployment named 'redis-deployment that runs 3 replicas of a Redis container. You need to implement a rolling update strategy that allows tor a maximum ot one pod to be unavailable at any given time during tne update process, With the new pod becoming available before the old pod is terminated. Additionally, you want to ensure that the update process is triggered automatically whenever a new image is pushed to the Docker Hub repository 'redislabs/redis:latest.
正解：
解説：
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas to 2_
- Define 'maxunavailable: 1 ' and 'maxSurge: 1 ' in the 'strategy.rollingupdate' section to control the rolling update process.
- Configure a 'strategy-type' to 'Rollingupdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Add a 'spec-template.spec.imagePullPolicy: Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled even if it exists in the pod's local cache.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f redis-deployment.yaml' 3. Verify the Deployment - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments redis-deployment' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update. - Push a new image to the Docker Hub repository 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=rediS to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. You will observe that one new pod with the updated image is created, and then one old pod is terminated- This ensures that there is no downtime during the update process. 6. Check for Successful Update: - Once the deployment is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment redis-deployment' to see that the 'updatedReplicaS field matches the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
質問 # 103
......
CKAD問題集は唯一無にな参考資料です。CKAD問題集の内容は専門的かつ全面的で、覚えやすいです。また、CKAD問題集は的中率が高いです。そのいくつの点で、CKAD試験に合格することを保障できます。もし、お客様はCKAD問題集を買うとき、自分に適するかどうかという心配があります。その心配に対して、弊社はお客様に無料でCKAD問題集のデモを提供します。そうしたら、お客様はCKAD問題集を購入する前にデモをダウンロードしてやってみることができます。
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