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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Kustomize - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services - Use Ingress rules to expose applications - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) - SecurityContexts - ServiceAccounts - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Implement probes and health checks - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications - Understand API deprecation policies - Utilize container logs - Debugging in Kubernetes |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) - Define, build and modify container images - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) |
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NEW QUESTION # 160
Refer to Exhibit.
Task:
A pod within the Deployment named buffale-deployment and in namespace gorilla is logging errors.
1) Look at the logs identify errors messages.
Find errors, including User "system:serviceaccount:gorilla:default" cannot list resource "deployment" [...] in the namespace "gorilla"
2) Update the Deployment buffalo-deployment to resolve the errors in the logs of the Pod.
The buffalo-deployment 'S manifest can be found at -/prompt/escargot/buffalo-deployment.yaml
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 161
You have a Deployment named 'my-app-deployment' running a Flask application. You need to configure a rolling update strategy with a maximum of one pod unavailable at any time. You also want to trigger an automatic update whenever a new image is pushed to the Docker Hub repository. Additionally, you want to analyze the application logs during the update process to ensure everything is working smoothly. How would you achieve this?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure Deployment with Rolling Update:
- Update the 'my-app-deployment' Deployment configuration to include the following:
- 'replicas': Set to 2 to ensure a rolling update with a maximum of one unavailable pod.
- 'maxUnavailable: 1': This specifies that a maximum of one pod can be unavailable during the update.
- 'maxSurge: 0': This ensures no new pods are created beyond the desired replicas.
- 'imagePullPolicy: Always': This forces the pods to pull the latest image from the repository.
- 'strategy.type: RollingUpdate': Specifies the rolling update strategy.
2. Apply Deployment Configuration: - Apply the updated YAML file to your cluster: 'kubectl apply -f my-app-deployment.yamr 3. Analyze Application Logs: - To monitor the logs of your Flask application, utilize a tool like 'kubectl logs' or a dedicated logging service like Fluentd or ElasticSearch. - Example using 'kubectl logs' bash kubectl logs -f my-app-deployment-pod-name - During the rolling update, closely watch the logs for errors or warnings to ensure smooth transitions. 4. Trigger an Automatic Update: - Push a new image with updates to the 'my-app-image:latest' Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-app' to monitor the pods during the rolling update. 6. Verify Deployment Status: - Check the status of the Deployment using 'kubectl describe deployment my-app-deployment' . The 'updatedReplicas' field should match the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 162 
Task:
Modify the existing Deployment named broker-deployment running in namespace quetzal so that its containers.
1) Run with user ID 30000 and
2) Privilege escalation is forbidden
The broker-deployment is manifest file can be found at:
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
Text Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 163
You have an application that requires a TLS certificate for secure communication Witn a specific service Within tne Kubernetes cluster. How can you create a Kubernetes secret that holds the certificate and private key, and then configure your deployment to use it?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Generate a Certificate and Key:
- If you don't already have a certificate and private key, you can use tools like 'openssl to generate them:
bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private-key -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes
- This will create two files: 'private-key' (private key) and 'cert.pern' (certificate).
2. Create a Kubernetes Secret:
- Create a YAML file, for example, 'tls-secret.yaml':
- Replace and with the Base64 encoded contents of your certificate and key files. You can use 'base64' command for encoding: bash echo "certificate content" | base64 echo "private key content" | base64 3. Apply the Secret: - Apply the secret to your Kubernetes cluster: bash kubectl apply -f tls-secret.yaml 4. Modify your Deployment: - Add the following to your deployment YAML file:
5. Update your Application: - Your application needs to be configured to use the mounted TLS certificate and key from the secret. The specific configuration will depend on the application. - It will typically involve setting environment variables pointing to the location of the certificate and key files, for example, 'TLS_CERT_FILE'and 'TLS_KEY_FILE.
NEW QUESTION # 164
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment named 'my-app' that runs a web application. You want to restrict access to this application to only specific users within your organization. How would you use Service Accounts and RBAC to implement this?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Create a Service Account:
- Create a new Service Account specifically for your application:
- Apply this YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-sa.yaml'. 2. Create a Role: - Define a Role that grants specific permissions to the Service Account. For example, you might want to grant read access to the Deployment's secrets:
- Apply this YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-reader.yaml' 3. Bind the Role to the Service Account: - Create a RoleBinding that associates the 'my-app-reader' Role with the 'my-app-sa' Service Account:
- Apply this YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-sa-binding.yaml' 4. Update the Deployment: - Update the 'my-app' Deployment to use the new Service Account:
- Apply the updated Deployment configuration using 'kubectl apply -f my-app.yaml'. 5. Verify: - Ensure that pods within the 'my-app' Deployment are running with the correct Service Account. You can use 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-app -o wide' to inspect the pod details. 6. Restricting Access to Specific Users: - To restrict access to the application to specific users within your organization, you would need to: - Configure a more granular Role to grant specific access levels (e.g., read-only, edit, etc.). - Use a Kubernetes authentication provider (such as OAuth2 or OpenID Connect) to authenticate and authorize users. - Bind the Role to the user's identity, ensuring they have the appropriate permissions. Important Note: This example provides a basic setup for RBAC with Service Accounts. In real-world scenarios, you might need to configure more complex RBAC rules to address your specific security requirements and user access control policies.]
NEW QUESTION # 165
......
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