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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
| Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
| Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
| Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
| EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 114
The police have placed a 20-year-old patient into custody. The patient is in handcuffs, is agitated, and is angry. The skin is hot and diaphoretic. The vital signs are BP 180/98, P 150, R 28, and SpO# 97% on room air. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for the EMT to take while transporting this patient?
Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
This is one of those EMS custody questions where the safest answer comes from remembering two transport rules at the same time: the patient needs medical transport , and the patient also needs safe restraint management .
Because the patient is being transported by EMS, the patient should be secured with appropriate medical restraints , not simply left in police handcuffs alone. That makes removing the handcuffs and applying soft restraints the proper EMS approach, provided law enforcement is involved in that process. Just as important, the officer with the key should ride along so the restraint situation remains safe and legally controlled during transport.
The rest of the scenario also hints that this patient may be medically unstable, not just angry. The hot, diaphoretic skin , marked tachycardia , and severe agitation raise concern for a serious behavioral or medical emergency, so EMS transport is appropriate. Also, NREMT-style operations questions consistently reject prone restraint because face-down positioning increases the risk of respiratory compromise during transport.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following actions are steps for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are D. Place the device in the larger nostril and E. Lubricate the distal tip.
Proper insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) follows specific steps outlined in NREMT-aligned airway management guidelines.
Correct Steps:
1. Choose the larger nostril (D):
The NPA should be inserted into the nostril with better airflow (larger nostril) to reduce resistance and trauma.
This improves ease of insertion and patient comfort.
2. Lubricate the distal tip (E):
The airway must be lubricated with a water-soluble lubricant before insertion.
This minimizes friction and reduces the risk of nasal mucosal injury or bleeding.
NREMT-aligned references state:
"Insert the NPA into the larger nostril when possible."
"Lubricate the airway prior to insertion."
Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Measure from the corner of the mouth to the tip of the ear # Incorrect This measurement is used for an oropharyngeal airway (OPA), not an NPA.
NPA is measured from nose to earlobe.
B). Follow the base of the tongue during insertion # Incorrect
This applies to OPA insertion, not NPA.
NPA is inserted along the floor of the nasal passage.
C). Insert the bevel away from the septum # Incorrect
The bevel should face toward the septum (medially), not away.
Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
"Measure NPA from the nostril to the earlobe."
"Lubricate the airway before insertion."
"Insert into the larger nostril if possible."
"Advance gently along the nasal floor."
Clinical Priority Summary:
Correct NPA insertion requires proper nostril selection and lubrication, making D and E the correct answers.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Airway, Respiration & Ventilation
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP)
AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)
NEW QUESTION # 116
An EMT is using a BVM to ventilate a 28-year-old patient with asthma. The patient is unresponsive, and their vital signs are BP 70/40, P 142, R 8, and SpO2 89% on room air. The patient is becoming increasingly difficult to ventilate. What should the EMT do next?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In patients with asthma experiencing respiratory failure, improper ventilation (especially excessive rates) can lead to air trapping and increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and worsening hypotension.
Thecorrect techniqueis to ventilate slowly to allow full exhalation - around1 breath every 5-6 secondsfor adults.
CPAPis contraindicated in unresponsive patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Anon-rebreather maskwould be insufficient for an unresponsive patient, andforceful ventilationrisks barotrauma.
References:
NREMT EMT Psychomotor Exam Guide: Airway, Respiration & Ventilation
American Heart Association (AHA) BLS Provider Manual (2020)
National EMS Education Standards (2011) - Airway Management Section
NEW QUESTION # 117
A 23-year-old patient reports loss of appetite, vomiting, fatigue, and joint pain. The patient has yellow sclera and right upper quadrant pain. Which of the following conditions is most likely the cause of the signs and symptoms?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Viral hepatitis.
Key findings in this scenario:
Loss of appetite (anorexia)
Vomiting
Fatigue
Joint pain (arthralgia)
Yellow sclera (jaundice)
Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain
Why Viral Hepatitis is correct:
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and commonly presents with:
Jaundice (yellowing of sclera/skin)
RUQ abdominal pain
Fatigue and malaise
Nausea/vomiting and loss of appetite
Joint pain (especially early in disease)
NREMT-aligned references state:
"Hepatitis commonly presents with jaundice, fatigue, and right upper quadrant pain."
"Patients may also report nausea, vomiting, and anorexia."
Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Diverticulitis# Typically causes left lower quadrant pain, not jaundice B). Appendicitis# Causes right lower quadrant pain, not jaundice or systemic liver signs D). Cholecystitis# Causes RUQ pain, but jaundice and systemic symptoms (joint pain, fatigue) are more consistent with hepatitis Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
"Jaundice is a hallmark sign of liver dysfunction."
"Hepatitis presents with RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue."
"Patients may have systemic symptoms such as malaise and joint pain."
Clinical Priority Summary:
The presence of jaundice, RUQ pain, and systemic symptoms strongly indicates viral hepatitis, making C the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies (Gastrointestinal/Hepatic) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)
NEW QUESTION # 118
You are transporting a febrile 62-year-old male who has a cough and body aches. His vital signs are BP 136
/80, P 100, R 16, and his SpO# is 99% on room air. You should first:
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Place a surgical mask on him.
This question focuses on infection control and standard precautions, which fall under EMS Operations in NREMT content.
The patient presents with:
* Fever
* Cough
* Body aches
These are classic signs of a respiratory infectious illness, and EMS providers must immediately take steps to prevent transmission.
According to NREMT-aligned infection control principles, the first priority when dealing with a potentially infectious respiratory patient is source control, which means placing a surgical mask on the patient to limit the spread of droplets.
Why A is correct:
* A surgical mask on the patient reduces transmission of respiratory droplets.
* This is considered an immediate and appropriate standard precaution.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* B. Administer oxygen: The patient's SpO# is 99% on room air, indicating adequate oxygenation.
NREMT guidelines emphasize that oxygen should be administered based on clinical need, not routinely.
* C. Place an N95 mask on him: N95 respirators are intended for healthcare providers, not patients. The patient should receive a surgical mask, not an N95.
* D. Transport him in the recovery position: This position is used for patients with decreased level of consciousness or risk of airway compromise, which is not indicated here.
Exact Extract (EMT-aligned educational content):
* EMS providers must use standard precautions and take appropriate measures to prevent disease transmission.
* For patients with suspected respiratory infections, placing a surgical mask on the patient helps prevent the spread of droplets.
* Oxygen should be administered only when there are signs of hypoxia or respiratory distress, not when oxygen saturation is normal.
References:
NREMT National EMS Education Standards - EMS Operations (Infection Control & Standard Precautions) EMT Training Curriculum - Workforce Safety and Infection Control National EMS Scope of Practice Model - Patient Assessment and Management of Infectious Conditions
NEW QUESTION # 119
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