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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Applications | 25% | - Security solutions for applications
|
| Risk, Events, and Requirements | 30% | - Security architecture requirements and frameworks
|
| Secure Infrastructure | 30% | - Security approaches to protect against threats
|
| Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and DevSecOps | 15% | - AI and automation in security
|
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NEW QUESTION # 32
An oil and gas company recently faced a security breach when an employee's notepad, which contained critical login credentials, was stolen. The incident led to unauthorized access to a user account, which posed a significant risk to sensitive company data and operations. The company wants to adopt a security measure that enhances user account protection. Which action must be taken to prevent breaches like this from happening in the future?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The scenario described-where physical theft of written credentials led to a breach-is a classic failure of single-factor authentication. To mitigate this risk, the company must implementMulti-Factor Authentication (MFA). MFA requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource, typically categorized as something you know (password), something you have (a smartphone or hardware token), or something you are (biometrics).
According to Cisco Security Infrastructure design best practices, MFA (such asCisco Duo) ensures that even if an attacker possesses valid credentials (the "something you know" from the stolen notepad), they cannot gain access without the second factor (the "something you have"). This effectively neutralizes the threat of stolen passwords.Single Sign-On (SSO)(Option B) improves user experience and centralizes management but does not, by itself, stop an attacker who has the master password.Updating the RADIUS server(Option C) is a maintenance task that doesn't change the authentication logic, and apassword expiration policy(Option D) would only limit the "shelf life" of the stolen credentials rather than preventing their initial use. MFA is the most robust architectural control for enhancing identity security and is a core pillar of a Zero Trust framework.
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NEW QUESTION # 33
Network administrators at a medical facility cannot log in to network devices because of excessive resource consumption and high CPU utilization. The situation has led to delays in routine maintenance and troubleshooting, which affects overall network performance. An engineer must optimize the handling of traffic to reduce the impact and maintain consistent access and operational efficiency. Which approach must be implemented to meet the requirement?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The scenario described-where high CPU utilization prevents administrators from accessing device management interfaces-is a classic indication that the device'sControl Planeis being overwhelmed by malicious or malformed traffic (such as a DoS attack or a routing loop). To protect the "brains" of the network device,Control Plane Policing (CoPP)must be implemented.
CoPP allows an engineer to define filter and rate-limit policies specifically for traffic destined for the CPU.
By categorizing traffic into different classes (e.g., routing protocols, management traffic like SSH, and "catch- all" untrusted traffic), CoPP ensures that critical management and control traffic is prioritized while excessive or suspicious traffic is dropped before it can impact the device's performance. This maintainsoperational efficiencyeven during a traffic spike or attack. WhileAAA(Option B) handles authentication andRBAC (Option D) manages permissions once a user is logged in, neither can prevent the CPU exhaustion that blocks the login attempt in the first place.SNMP(Option C) is used for monitoring but does not provide active traffic policing. Within the Cisco SDSI framework, CoPP is a fundamental "Self-Defending Network" feature required to ensure the availability and resilience of the core infrastructure.
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NEW QUESTION # 34
Which tool is used by a SOC analyst to quarantine an endpoint?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the event of a confirmed compromise, a SOC analyst must act quickly to prevent lateral movement.Cisco XDR (Extended Detection and Response)is the integrated security platform designed to provide cross- layered detection and automated response actions across the network, endpoint, and cloud. One of the most critical response actions within XDR is the ability toquarantine or isolate an endpoint.
Cisco XDR integrates with endpoint security agents (like Cisco Secure Client) and network infrastructure (like Cisco ISE). From a single interface, an analyst can trigger a "Host Isolation" command. This command instructs the endpoint agent to block all network traffic except for communication with the security console, effectively putting the device in digital quarantine. This is much faster and more effective than manually tracking down the device. Aflow collector(Option A) andsyslog(Option B) are diagnostic tools used for visibility and logging; they cannot take active enforcement actions. Aload balancer(Option C) manages traffic distribution for applications and is irrelevant to endpoint containment. Cisco XDR fulfills the SDSI objective of "Securing Infrastructure through Automation," allowing SOC teams to mitigate threats at scale through coordinated response workflows.
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NEW QUESTION # 35
A bank experienced challenges with compromised endpoints gaining access to the internal network. To enhance security, the bank wants to ensure that all endpoints are scanned for compliance checks before being allowed to access the network. Which action achieves the level of security and control?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In high-security environments like banking, simply verifying a user's identity is insufficient; the "health" or security state of the device must also be validated.Posture validation, implemented throughCisco Identity Services Engine (ISE), is the specific architectural process used to ensure an endpoint meets the organization's security requirements-such as having an active antivirus, the latest OS patches, or disk encryption enabled-before it is granted access to the internal network.
When an endpoint connects, Cisco ISE triggers a posture check (often via the Cisco Secure Client agent). If the device is found to be non-compliant (e.g., outdated signatures), ISE can move the endpoint into a restricted quarantineVLAN where it can only access remediation servers to update its software. Only after a successful re-scan shows the device is compliant is the network access policy updated to allow full internal connectivity.
This effectively prevents compromised or "dirty" endpoints from spreading threats laterally across the bank's network. WhileMFA(Option A) secures the user's identity andTrustSec(Option B) provides segmentation, only Posture validation addresses the technical compliance of the endpoint hardware and software itself.Data Loss Prevention(Option C) is focused on data transit rather than initial network admission control.
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NEW QUESTION # 36
A construction company recently introduced a BYOD policy, where contractors can bring personal devices and connect to the wireless network. The network engineer configured a Wi-Fi network with a guest splash page to provide internet access only. Although the policy was limited to wireless devices, contractors started bringing devices that needed wired connections without authorization and connecting to the network. The network team suggested shutting down ports where unauthorized devices are connected. Which technology must be implemented to ensure that wired and wireless devices are granted network access only after successful authentication?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To secure both wired and wireless access points against unauthorized devices, the industry-standard framework isIEEE 802.1x. This technology provides port-based network access control (PNAC), ensuring that no traffic-wired or wireless-is forwarded by the switch or access point until the device or user has been successfully authenticated by a central authority, typically a RADIUS server likeCisco Identity Services Engine (ISE).
In an 802.1x architecture, the device (Supplicant) must provide valid credentials or certificates to the switch
/AP (Authenticator). The Authenticator then communicates with the Authentication Server to verify the identity. If authentication fails, the port remains in a "closed" state, effectively preventing the unauthorized
"rogue" wired connections mentioned in the scenario. This approach is far more scalable and dynamic than manually shutting down ports or usingVACLs(Option C), which are static filters based on IP or MAC addresses.VxLANs(Option A) are used for network virtualization and overlay tunneling, whilePrivate VLANs(Option B) provide Layer 2 isolation within a subnet but do not verify identity. By implementing
802.1x, the construction company establishes a robust "gatekeeper" at the hardware level, satisfying the Cisco SDSI objective of securing the network edge through identity-based access control for a diverse set of devices.
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NEW QUESTION # 37
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